Vulnerability · Published Oct 18, 2026 · Assigned by Linux
CVE-2026-98541fou: reject omitted FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO on FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT
Unrated
In plain English
A security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 12% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fou: reject omitted FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO on FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT Commit 7a9bc9e3f423 ("fou: Don't allow 0 for FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO.") added NLA_POLICY_MIN(NLA_U8, 1) to fou_nl_policy[FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO], which rejects an explicitly supplied FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO == 0 attribute with -ERANGE. However, FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO is an optional netlink attribute. When a user sends FOU_CMD_ADD with FOU_ATTR_TYPE set to FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT and omits FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO entirely, nla_policy validation succeeds and parse_nl_config() leaves cfg->protocol as 0 (from memset(cfg, 0, sizeof(*cfg))). fou_create() then creates a FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT socket with fou->protocol == 0. In fou_udp_recv(), returning -fou->protocol to udp_queue_rcv_one_skb() triggers IP protocol resubmission when fou->protocol > 0, whereas returning 0 tells the UDP tunnel layer that the skb was consumed without freeing it. When fou->protocol == 0, every packet received on the socket returns 0 from fou_udp_recv() and leaks the sk_buff. Reject FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT when !cfg->protocol in fou_create() so that creating a direct encapsulation port without FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO fails with -EINVAL while leaving FOU_CMD_DEL and FOU_CMD_GET (which share parse_nl_config()) unaffected. Tested in QEMU against Linux 7.3.0-rc3 by sending a FOU_CMD_ADD Generic Netlink request with FOU_ATTR_PORT = 5555 and FOU_ATTR_TYPE = FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT while omitting FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO. On the unfixed kernel, FOU_CMD_ADD succeeds (err = 0), FOU_CMD_GET reports fou->type = 1 and fou->protocol = 0, and sending 4000 UDP packets to 127.0.0.1:5555 leaks all 4000 sk_buffs (SUnreclaim in /proc/meminfo grows from 41456 kB to 59008 kB, +17552 kB); with this patch applied, FOU_CMD_ADD is rejected with -EINVAL (-22).
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | 6.1.190-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 6.12.113-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Debian:14 | linux | 7.2.9-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Debian:12 | linux-6.12 | 6.12.113-1~deb12u1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 5.15.0-202.212 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux | 7.0.0-42.42 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 5.15.0-1119.126 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-aws | 7.0.0-1016.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 5.15.0-1125.134 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-azure | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 5.15.0-1124.133 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 5.15.0-1120.130 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 7.0.0-1016.18 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 5.15.0-1115.121 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-gke | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 5.15.0-1102.110 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-7.0 | 7.0.0-42.42~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 5.15.0-1113.117 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 7.0.0-1017.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 5.15.0-1114.120 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 5.15.0-1111.116 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 5.15.0-197.207 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 5.15.0-1114.115 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-bos | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 5.15.0-1070.72 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 5.15.0-1059.59 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-oem-7.0 | 7.0.0-1017.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 5.15.0-1116.122 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 7.0.0-1015.16 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 7.0.0-42.42.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-7.0 | 7.0.0-42.42.1~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-vmware | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-xilinx | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | 23461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before fd20220f86947d66d4dba2d76f13a28dbd86ef3023461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 46b1ffb7e169c7e401dd890b29e55dbc261f8f0123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 7f4ba56f5d310dd018972916167985010a5d66a123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 3bcc1624cc1cdcc05b566475d6e848093ab2a8f623461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 8b43f40798bb2758489fbbcae7e841ad4443c21323461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before b1229b210ef5a39c58be665e679820375141184223461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 520cf06b8ea0ba5bcc1b8b982ef07f02b5e5622123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before d22609f3d13fc5baacd92c222731b03c593401db |
| Linux | Linux | 3.18 |
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/fd20220f86947d66d4dba2d76f13a28dbd86ef30
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/46b1ffb7e169c7e401dd890b29e55dbc261f8f01
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7f4ba56f5d310dd018972916167985010a5d66a1
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/3bcc1624cc1cdcc05b566475d6e848093ab2a8f6
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/8b43f40798bb2758489fbbcae7e841ad4443c213
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/b1229b210ef5a39c58be665e6798203751411842
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/520cf06b8ea0ba5bcc1b8b982ef07f02b5e56221
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/d22609f3d13fc5baacd92c222731b03c593401db