Vulnerability · Published Oct 14, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2026-98398locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes

Unrated

In plain English

A security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 11% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS )–Not rated
Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 89.3% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsnot in CISA KEV
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes syzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in hlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx: WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline] RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline] RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Call Trace: <IRQ> lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886 _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173 tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291 tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325 ... When a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key unregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in lock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table. However, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures may still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[] array. When __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds lock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class() and assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When check_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds !test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if the zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key, the stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated class (ABA issue). Add lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is within lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use (using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it is safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that class->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass() overrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when accessing class_cache[]. If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back to register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class().

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linux6.1.190-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398
Debian:13linux6.12.111-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398
Debian:14linux7.2.7-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-202.212UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux7.0.0-42.42UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1119.126UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-aws7.0.0-1016.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1125.134UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1124.133UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1120.130UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-gcp7.0.0-1016.18UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1115.121UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1102.110UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-7.07.0.0-42.42~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1113.117UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-ibm7.0.0-1017.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1114.120UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1111.116UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-197.207UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1114.115UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-bosno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1070.72UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegrano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1059.59UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-oem-7.07.0.0-1017.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1116.122UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-oracle7.0.0-1015.16UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-riscv7.0.0-42.42.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-7.07.0.0-42.42.1~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-vmwareno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fea0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dda0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bda0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf
Linux Linux 5.1

References