Vulnerability · Published Sep 19, 2025 · Assigned by Google
CVE-2025-9906Arbitrary Code execution in Keras Safe Mode
High 8.6
In plain English
A high-severity unsafe deserialization in Keras from Keras-team. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 10% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
The Keras Model.load_model method can be exploited to achieve arbitrary code execution, even with safe_mode=True. One can create a specially crafted .keras model archive that, when loaded via Model.load_model, will trigger arbitrary code to be executed. This is achieved by crafting a special config.json (a file within the .keras archive) that will invoke keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization() to disable safe mode. Once safe mode is disable, one can use the Lambda layer feature of keras, which allows arbitrary Python code in the form of pickled code. Both can appear in the same archive. Simply the keras.config.enable_unsafe_deserialization() needs to appear first in the archive and the Lambda with arbitrary code needs to be second.
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| PyPI | keras | 3.11.0 | GHSA-36fq-jgmw-4r9c |
| PyPI | keras | no fix listed | PYSEC-2025-76 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| Keras-team | Keras | 3.0.0 – before 3.11.0 |
Weakness: CWE-502 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:P/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H/AU:Y/R:A