Vulnerability · Published Sep 11, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-39748bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET

Medium 5.5

In plain English

A medium-severity security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 7% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS NVD)5.5Medium
Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 93.2% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: bpf: Forget ranges when refining tnum after JSET Syzbot reported a kernel warning due to a range invariant violation on the following BPF program. 0: call bpf_get_netns_cookie 1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit> 2: if r0 & Oxffffffff goto <exit> The issue is on the path where we fall through both jumps. That path is unreachable at runtime: after insn 1, we know r0 != 0, but with the sign extension on the jset, we would only fallthrough insn 2 if r0 == 0. Unfortunately, is_branch_taken() isn't currently able to figure this out, so the verifier walks all branches. The verifier then refines the register bounds using the second condition and we end up with inconsistent bounds on this unreachable path: 1: if r0 == 0 goto <exit> r0: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0xffffffffffffffff) 2: if r0 & 0xffffffff goto <exit> r0 before reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0xffffffffffffffff] var_off=(0, 0) r0 after reg_bounds_sync: u64=[0x1, 0] var_off=(0, 0) Improving the range refinement for JSET to cover all cases is tricky. We also don't expect many users to rely on JSET given LLVM doesn't generate those instructions. So instead of improving the range refinement for JSETs, Eduard suggested we forget the ranges whenever we're narrowing tnums after a JSET. This patch implements that approach.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linux6.1.170-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39748
Debian:13linux6.12.43-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39748
Debian:14linux6.16.3-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-186.196USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-186.196UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux6.8.0-100.100UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1112.119USN-8575-2
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1112.119UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws6.8.0-1046.49UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.86.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1117.126USN-8575-3
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1117.126UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure6.8.0-1046.52UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.86.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1117.126UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1117.126USN-8610-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde6.8.0-1046.53UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.86.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1112.122USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1112.122UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp6.8.0-1047.50UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.86.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1108.114UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1108.114USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gke6.8.0-1043.48UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1095.103UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1095.103USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeop6.8.0-1030.33UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.86.8.0-100.100~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1106.110USN-8575-2
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1106.110UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibm6.8.0-1044.44UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.86.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-intelno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1107.113UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1107.113USN-8620-4
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1104.109UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1104.109USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-184.194UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-184.194USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency6.8.0-100.100.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.86.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1107.108UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1107.108USN-8575-2
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia6.8.0-1046.49UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.86.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatency6.8.0-1046.49.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1064.66UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1064.66USN-8576-2
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1020.20UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1053.53USN-8576-2
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1053.53UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1109.115UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1109.115USN-8575-3
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle6.8.0-1043.44UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.86.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspi5.15.0-1106.109UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspi5.15.0-1106.109USN-8668-2
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi6.8.0-1047.51UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.86.8.0-100.100~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinx6.8.0-1023.24UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmp5.15.0-1075.79USN-8575-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmp5.15.0-1075.79UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39748

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 22191359f8454b0be082c3b126f86bcbea0f1318960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before c29dd8336236a4deb75596b52d2dd16ccc4a380d960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 591c788d16046edb0220800bf1819554af5853ce960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 0643aa2468192a4d81326e8e76543854870b1ee2960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before f01e06930444cab289a8783017af9b64255bd103960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 2fd0c26bacd90ef26522bd3169000a4715bf151f960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 80a6b11862a7cfdf691e8f9faee89cfea219f098960ea056561a08e2b837b2f02d22c53226414a84 – before 6279846b9b2532e1b04559ef8bd0dec049f29383
Linux Linux 5.0

References