Vulnerability · Published Feb 27, 2025 · Assigned by Linux
CVE-2025-21791vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out()
High 7.8
In plain English
A high-severity use-after-free in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.3% (higher than 19% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Severity (CVSS 3.1)7.8High
Exploit odds (30 days)0.3%top 80.9% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vrf: use RCU protection in l3mdev_l3_out() l3mdev_l3_out() can be called without RCU being held: raw_sendmsg() ip_push_pending_frames() ip_send_skb() ip_local_out() __ip_local_out() l3mdev_ip_out() Add rcu_read_lock() / rcu_read_unlock() pair to avoid a potential UAF.
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | 6.1.129-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 6.12.16-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Debian:14 | linux | 6.12.16-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 5.15.0-140.150 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | 6.8.0-78.78 | USN-7703-1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | 6.8.0-78.78 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 5.15.0-1084.91 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | 6.8.0-1035.37 | USN-7703-1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | 6.8.0-1035.37 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 6.8.0-1035.37~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | 6.8.0-1035.37~22.04.1 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 5.15.0-1089.98 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | 6.8.0-1034.39 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.11 | 6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | 6.8.0-1034.39~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 5.15.0-1089.98.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-nvidia | 6.8.0-1022.23 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 5.15.0-1083.92 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 6.8.0-1036.38 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 6.8.0-1036.38 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.11 | 6.11.0-1015.15~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 6.8.0-1036.38~22.04.1 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | 6.8.0-1036.38~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 5.15.0-1081.87 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | 6.8.0-1032.36 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | 6.8.0-1032.36 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 5.15.0-1066.74 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 6.8.0-1019.21 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 6.8.0-1019.21 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.11 | 6.11.0-26.26~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 6.8.0-78.78~22.04.1 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | 6.8.0-78.78~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 5.15.0-1076.79 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 6.8.0-1033.33 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 6.8.0-1033.33 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm-6.8 | 6.8.0-1033.33~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm-6.8 | 6.8.0-1033.33~22.04.1 | USN-7703-2 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-intel | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 5.15.0-1079.85 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 5.15.0-1080.85 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 5.15.0-140.150 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 6.8.0-78.78.1 | USN-7703-1 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 6.8.0-78.78.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | 6.11.0-1014.15~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 6.8.0-78.78.1~22.04.1 | USN-7703-1 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | 6.8.0-78.78.1~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 5.15.0-1078.79 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 6.8.0-1035.38 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 6.8.0-1035.38 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.11 | 6.11.0-1010.10 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 6.8.0-1035.38~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | 6.8.0-1035.38~22.04.1 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 6.8.0-1035.38.1 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | 6.8.0-1035.38.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 5.15.0-1037.37 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 6.8.0-1009.9 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 5.15.0-1026.26 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | 6.11.0-1022.22 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 5.15.0-1081.87 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 6.8.0-1032.33 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 6.8.0-1032.33 | USN-7703-3 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 6.8.0-1032.33~22.04.1 | USN-7703-3 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | 6.8.0-1032.33~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 5.15.0-1078.81 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 6.8.0-1035.39 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | 6.8.0-1035.39 | USN-7703-4 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | 6.8.0-78.78~22.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-xilinx | 6.8.0-1017.18 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | 5.15.0-1050.54 | UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21791 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51ea8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3ba8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6ba8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3ca8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6fa8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019a8e3e1a9f02094145580ea7920c6a1d9aabd5539 – before 6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773 |
| Linux | Linux | 4.9 |
Weakness: CWE-416 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6ccaa5797f5362a2aad6baa6ddaf4715ac2dd51e
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/20a3489b396764cc9376e32a9172bee26a89dc3b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/5bb4228c32261d06e4fbece37ec3828bcc005b6b
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7574740be8ce68a57d0aece24987b9be2114c3c
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c40cb5c03e37552d6eff963187109e2c3f78ef6f
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/022cac1c693add610ae76ede03adf4d9d5a2cf21
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/7b81425b517accefd46bee854d94954f5c57e019
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6d0ce46a93135d96b7fa075a94a88fe0da8e8773
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/05/msg00030.html
- https://lists.debian.org/debian-lts-announce/2025/03/msg00028.html
- https://cert-portal.siemens.com/productcert/html/ssa-784472.html