Vulnerability · Published Oct 18, 2026 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2026-98541fou: reject omitted FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO on FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT

Unrated

In plain English

A security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 12% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS )–Not rated
Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 87.8% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsnot in CISA KEV
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: fou: reject omitted FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO on FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT Commit 7a9bc9e3f423 ("fou: Don't allow 0 for FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO.") added NLA_POLICY_MIN(NLA_U8, 1) to fou_nl_policy[FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO], which rejects an explicitly supplied FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO == 0 attribute with -ERANGE. However, FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO is an optional netlink attribute. When a user sends FOU_CMD_ADD with FOU_ATTR_TYPE set to FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT and omits FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO entirely, nla_policy validation succeeds and parse_nl_config() leaves cfg->protocol as 0 (from memset(cfg, 0, sizeof(*cfg))). fou_create() then creates a FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT socket with fou->protocol == 0. In fou_udp_recv(), returning -fou->protocol to udp_queue_rcv_one_skb() triggers IP protocol resubmission when fou->protocol > 0, whereas returning 0 tells the UDP tunnel layer that the skb was consumed without freeing it. When fou->protocol == 0, every packet received on the socket returns 0 from fou_udp_recv() and leaks the sk_buff. Reject FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT when !cfg->protocol in fou_create() so that creating a direct encapsulation port without FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO fails with -EINVAL while leaving FOU_CMD_DEL and FOU_CMD_GET (which share parse_nl_config()) unaffected. Tested in QEMU against Linux 7.3.0-rc3 by sending a FOU_CMD_ADD Generic Netlink request with FOU_ATTR_PORT = 5555 and FOU_ATTR_TYPE = FOU_ENCAP_DIRECT while omitting FOU_ATTR_IPPROTO. On the unfixed kernel, FOU_CMD_ADD succeeds (err = 0), FOU_CMD_GET reports fou->type = 1 and fou->protocol = 0, and sending 4000 UDP packets to 127.0.0.1:5555 leaks all 4000 sk_buffs (SUnreclaim in /proc/meminfo grows from 41456 kB to 59008 kB, +17552 kB); with this patch applied, FOU_CMD_ADD is rejected with -EINVAL (-22).

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linux6.1.190-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541
Debian:13linux6.12.113-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541
Debian:14linux7.2.9-1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541
Debian:12linux-6.126.12.113-1~deb12u1DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-202.212UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux7.0.0-42.42UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1119.126UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-aws7.0.0-1016.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1125.134UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1124.133UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1120.130UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-gcp7.0.0-1016.18UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1115.121UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1102.110UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-7.07.0.0-42.42~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1113.117UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-ibm7.0.0-1017.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1114.120UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1111.116UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-197.207UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1114.115UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-bosno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1070.72UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegrano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1059.59UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-oem-7.07.0.0-1017.17UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1116.122UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-oracle7.0.0-1015.16UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-7.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSlinux-riscv7.0.0-42.42.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-7.07.0.0-42.42.1~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-vmwareno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2026-98541

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 23461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before fd20220f86947d66d4dba2d76f13a28dbd86ef3023461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 46b1ffb7e169c7e401dd890b29e55dbc261f8f0123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 7f4ba56f5d310dd018972916167985010a5d66a123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 3bcc1624cc1cdcc05b566475d6e848093ab2a8f623461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 8b43f40798bb2758489fbbcae7e841ad4443c21323461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before b1229b210ef5a39c58be665e679820375141184223461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before 520cf06b8ea0ba5bcc1b8b982ef07f02b5e5622123461551c00628c3f3fe9cf837bf53cf8f212b63 – before d22609f3d13fc5baacd92c222731b03c593401db
Linux Linux 3.18

References