Vulnerability · Published Oct 14, 2026 · Assigned by Linux
CVE-2026-98398locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes
Unrated
In plain English
A security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 11% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: locking/lockdep: Invalidate stale class_cache entries for zapped classes syzbot reported a lockdep splat hitting DEBUG_LOCKS_WARN_ON(1) in hlock_class() due to an invalid class_idx: WARNING: kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 at __lock_acquire+0x382/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Workqueue: wg-crypt-wg0 wg_packet_tx_worker RIP: 0010:hlock_class kernel/locking/lockdep.c:238 [inline] RIP: 0010:check_wait_context kernel/locking/lockdep.c:4870 [inline] RIP: 0010:__lock_acquire+0x389/0x2cf0 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5203 Call Trace: <IRQ> lock_acquire+0x106/0x350 kernel/locking/lockdep.c:5886 _raw_spin_lock+0x2e/0x40 kernel/locking/spinlock.c:173 tcp_tsq_handler+0x29/0x200 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1291 tcp_tsq_workfn+0x384/0x410 net/ipv4/tcp_output.c:1325 ... When a lock class is zapped (e.g. during module unload or key unregistration), zap_class() clears the class's bit in lock_classes_in_use and removes it from the class hash table. However, existing lockdep_map instances embedded in data structures may still retain a pointer to the zapped class in their class_cache[] array. When __lock_acquire() subsequently runs on such a lock, it finds lock->class_cache[subclass] != NULL, skipping register_lock_class() and assigning hlock->class_idx to the index of the zapped class. When check_wait_context() or hlock_class() inspects the held_lock, it finds !test_bit(class_idx, lock_classes_in_use) and warns. Furthermore, if the zapped slot is subsequently re-allocated to an unrelated lock key, the stale class_cache entry would erroneously match the unrelated class (ABA issue). Add lock_class_cache_is_valid() to validate that the cached class is within lock_classes bounds, still allocated in lock_classes_in_use (using uninstrumented arch_test_bit() in __always_inline context so it is safe in noinstr contexts like match_held_lock()), and that class->key matches the expected subkey (taking lockdep_set_subclass() overrides into account). Also use READ_ONCE()/WRITE_ONCE() when accessing class_cache[]. If the entry is invalid or stale, fall back to register_lock_class() / look_up_lock_class().
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:12 | linux | 6.1.190-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Debian:13 | linux | 6.12.111-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Debian:14 | linux | 7.2.7-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux | 5.15.0-202.212 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux | 7.0.0-42.42 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-allwinner-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws | 5.15.0-1119.126 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-aws | 7.0.0-1016.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-aws-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-aws-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure | 5.15.0-1125.134 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-azure | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | 5.15.0-1124.133 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-fde-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-azure-nvidia-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 5.15.0-1120.130 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-gcp | 7.0.0-1016.18 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gcp-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gcp-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gke | 5.15.0-1115.121 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gke | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-gke | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | 5.15.0-1102.110 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-gkeop | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-hwe-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-hwe-7.0 | 7.0.0-42.42~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 5.15.0-1113.117 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-ibm | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-ibm | 7.0.0-1017.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-ibm-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iot-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-intel-iotg | 5.15.0-1114.120 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-kvm | 5.15.0-1111.116 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | 5.15.0-197.207 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | 5.15.0-1114.115 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-nvidia | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-bos | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-lowlatency | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | 5.15.0-1070.72 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-nvidia-tegra-igx | 5.15.0-1059.59 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-5.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.1 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.11 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oem-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-oem-7.0 | 7.0.0-1017.17 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 5.15.0-1116.122 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-oracle | 7.0.0-1015.16 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-oracle-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-oracle-7.0 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-raspi | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-raspi-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-realtime | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | linux-riscv | 7.0.0-42.42.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.14 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.17 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-riscv-6.8 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-riscv-7.0 | 7.0.0-42.42.1~24.04.1 | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-5.19 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.2 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-starfive-6.5 | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-vmware | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | linux-xilinx | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | linux-xilinx-zynqmp | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-98398 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| Linux | Linux | a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fea0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32a0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dda0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bda0b0fd53e1e67639b303b15939b9c653dbe7a8c4 – before 02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf |
| Linux | Linux | 5.1 |
References
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f8a1281ab82df5b51fd0384354d4b21daf2b7af0
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/1c9d664e2e067fca69e5a41d68e23bbc66a583fe
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/6bc345f6d81ebe22e0f355c2a21d7e29691f9332
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/f63c86e9d267629758adaba18579e784ddd63c32
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/c7acfb04c7e2e2dea248282b21373d93296644dd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/baa320fbb2f9fea50f5632a307da8ce84fbef5bd
- https://git.kernel.org/stable/c/02c6be7d675b21d81f0ba3a524346850a8c0e3bf