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Vulnerability · Published Oct 30, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M

CVE-2026-62333OpenVM: MemoryMerkleAir allows below-leaf rows to alter memory roots

High 8.7

In plain English

A high-severity improper input validation in openvm from openvm-org. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.4% (higher than 34% of all known vulnerabilities).

Severity (CVSS 4.0)8.7High
Exploit odds (30 days)0.4%top 66.0% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

OpenVM is a performant and modular zkVM framework built for customization and extensibility. Before 1.7.0 in the 1.x line and in affected 2.0 and 2.1 prereleases, `MemoryMerkleAir` does not forbid Merkle expansion rows at `parent_height` = 0 or below while `expand_direction` != 0. A malicious prover can fabricate a subtree below a memory leaf and swap digests inside that subtree to change the committed memory root without a corresponding memory operation. The fraudulent rows still balance against the Merkle and compression buses and require no memory-bus operation for the changed leaf. Because the memory Merkle root binds VM memory state across continuation segment boundaries, this affects the soundness of OpenVM proofs using persistent memory. This issue is fixed in versions 1.7.0, 2.0.0-rc.3 and 2.1.0-preview.

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
openvm-org openvm < 1.7.0>= 2.0.0-alpha, < 2.0.0-rc.3>= 2.1.0-dev.0, < 2.1.0-preview

Weakness: CWE-20 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References