Vulnerability · Published Sep 17, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M

CVE-2026-54627SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL PSD decoder (Bitmap mode ignores depth)

Critical 9.8

In plain English

A critical-severity heap buffer overflow in sail from HappySeaFox. Proof-of-concept exploit code is public. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.8% (higher than 56% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 3.1)9.8Critical

Exploit odds (30 days)0.8%top 44.1% of all CVEs

Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: poc

Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, psd_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/psd/helpers.c resolves a one-channel PSD in Bitmap color mode to SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP1_INDEXED without requiring the file depth to be one, so the pixel buffer uses one-bit rows while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_psd() in src/sail-codecs/psd/psd.c accepts depth == 8 and writes one attacker-controlled byte per pixel. Loading a crafted PSD through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes beyond each heap row, causing memory corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This mode/depth mismatch is distinct from GHSA-rcqx-gc76-r9mv and GHSA-wcj8-hxxf-pq2c. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.

Affected packages & fixed versions

Ecosystem	Package	Fixed in	Advisory
Debian:13	sail	no fix listed	DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54627
Debian:14	sail	1.2.0-1	DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54627
Ubuntu:24.04:LTS	sail	no fix listed	UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54627
Ubuntu:26.04:LTS	sail	no fix listed	UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54627
Ubuntu:26.10	sail	no fix listed	UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54627

Affected products (as reported)

Vendor	Product	Versions
HappySeaFox	sail	< 1.0.0

Weakness: CWE-122, CWE-787 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

References

https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-ccqf-rv86-h3wm x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/f44a8b779a1fc527fc6bc5caa71a66a8ed940d50 x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/releases/tag/v1.0.0 x_refsource_MISC