Vulnerability · Published Sep 17, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M
CVE-2026-54626SAIL: Heap out-of-bounds write in SAIL TGA decoder (indexed-RLE bpp/stride mismatch)
Critical 9.8
In plain English
A critical-severity heap buffer overflow in sail from HappySeaFox. Proof-of-concept exploit code is public. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.8% (higher than 56% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
SAIL is a cross-platform library for loading and saving images with support for animation, metadata, and ICC profiles. In 0.9.10 and earlier, the TGA_INDEXED_RLE path selected by image_type == 9 allocates an image buffer using the one-byte-per-pixel SAIL_PIXEL_FORMAT_BPP8_INDEXED format returned by tga_private_sail_pixel_format() in src/sail-codecs/tga/helpers.c, while sail_codec_load_frame_v8_tga() in src/sail-codecs/tga/tga.c derives a two-to-four-byte pixel_size from an attacker-controlled header bpp value from 9 through 32. Loading a crafted color-mapped run-length-encoded TGA through sail_load_from_file() or sail_load_from_memory() therefore writes attacker-controlled bytes beyond the heap pixel buffer. The pixel-count clamp added for CVE-2026-40494 does not constrain the per-pixel write width, so this issue is an incomplete fix of that vulnerability and can cause heap corruption, a reliable crash, or potential code execution. This issue is fixed in version 1.0.0.
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Debian:13 | sail | no fix listed | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54626 |
| Debian:14 | sail | 1.2.0-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-54626 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | sail | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54626 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | sail | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54626 |
| Ubuntu:26.10 | sail | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-54626 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| HappySeaFox | sail | < 1.0.0 |
Weakness: CWE-122, CWE-787 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
References
- https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/security/advisories/GHSA-744p-cqg2-m33h x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/commit/fa24bceb93958ad665dbc3cf6b49a1079ab12559 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/HappySeaFox/sail/releases/tag/v1.0.0 x_refsource_MISC