Vulnerability · Published Nov 5, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M
CVE-2026-116786FreeSWITCH: Channel-variable injection via SIP REFER leads to command execution in mod_sofia
High 8.8
In plain English
A high-severity command injection in freeswitch from signalwire. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.4% (higher than 39% of all known vulnerabilities).
Official description
FreeSWITCH is a Software Defined Telecom Stack enabling the digital transformation from proprietary telecom switches to a software implementation that runs on any commodity hardware. Prior to 1.11.2, sofia_handle_sip_i_refer() placed raw Refer-To URI parameters and headers inside a sip_invite_params channel-variable block passed to switch_ivr_originate(). The originate parser treated a comma in the attacker-controlled value as a variable separator, allowing an authenticated caller on a bridged call to inject arbitrary variables into a newly originated leg. An injected execute_on_originate value could invoke the system dialplan application before answer and execute operating-system commands with the FreeSWITCH process privileges. SIP REFER is enabled by default, and the sender needs only a registered account and a call that takes the off-box transfer path, not administrative or Event Socket access. This issue is fixed in version 1.11.2.
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| signalwire | freeswitch | < 1.11.2 |
Weakness: CWE-77, CWE-94 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H