Vulnerability · Published Sep 28, 2026 · Assigned by GitHub_M
CVE-2026-102277brace-expansion: Quadratic-time expansion of the `{a},b}` rewrite causes CPU denial of service
Medium 5.3
In plain English
A medium-severity uncontrolled resource consumption in brace-expansion from juliangruber. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.4% (higher than 37% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
The brace-expansion library generates arbitrary strings containing a common prefix and suffix. Prior to 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12, the expand function handles untrusted {a},b}-shaped patterns with many trailing closing braces by restarting its scan once for each trailing closing brace. The successive full-input rescans with linear working-string growth cause quadratic CPU time and memory pressure that can block the Node.js event loop. The process eventually recovers, making the impact a recoverable CPU denial of service. This issue is fixed in versions 1.1.21, 2.1.7, 3.0.9, and 5.0.12.
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs | 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs | 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-devel | 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-devel | 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-docs | 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-docs | 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-full-i18n | 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-full-i18n | 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-libs | 1:24.22.1-1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-libs | 1:24.22.1-3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | 3.1.14-2.module_el8.10.0+4250+09238ed4 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-nodemon | 3.1.14-3.module_el9.8.0+292+f4eaf8b2 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging | 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-packaging | 2021.06-6.module_el9.7.0+209+ecf6523e | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | nodejs-packaging-bundler | 2021.06-6.module_el8.10.0+4086+70facd4a | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | nodejs-packaging-bundler | 2021.06-6.module_el9.7.0+209+ecf6523e | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | npm | 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | npm | 1:11.19.1-1.24.22.1.3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| AlmaLinux:8 | v8-13.6-devel | 3:13.6.233.17-1.24.22.1.1.module_el8.10.0+4331+0683c9c1 | ALSA-2026:92376 |
| AlmaLinux:9 | v8-13.6-devel | 3:13.6.233.17-1.24.22.1.3.module_el9.8.0+333+788f3075 | ALSA-2026:92378 |
| Debian:12 | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Debian:13 | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Debian:14 | node-brace-expansion | 2.1.7+~1.1.2-1 | DEBIAN-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs | 1:24.22.1-3.module+el9.8.0+40401+e24b8c95 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | 0:3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40278+50b003a3 | RLSA-2026:92376 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | nodejs-nodemon | 0:3.1.14-2.module+el8.10.0+40277+b1b3f89e | RLSA-2026:92376 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs-nodemon | 0:3.1.14-3.module+el9.8.0+40281+14cc6568 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el8.10.0+40172+38f6fdd1 | RLSA-2026:92376 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el8.10.0+40048+6d99f608 | RLSA-2026:92376 |
| Rocky Linux:8 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el8.10.0+40171+8fa9c325 | RLSA-2026:92376 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40153+4d595597 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40165+d075e3f2 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el9.8.0+40164+8921ab53 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Rocky Linux:9 | nodejs-packaging | 0:2021.06-6.module+el9.7.0+40052+e32ea525 | RLSA-2026:92378 |
| Ubuntu:22.04:LTS | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Ubuntu:24.04:LTS | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Ubuntu:26.04:LTS | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-102277 |
| Ubuntu:26.10 | node-brace-expansion | no fix listed | UBUNTU-CVE-2026-102277 |
| npm | brace-expansion | 1.1.21 | GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr |
| npm | brace-expansion | 2.1.7 | GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr |
| npm | brace-expansion | 3.0.9 | GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr |
| npm | brace-expansion | 5.0.12 | GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| juliangruber | brace-expansion | >= 4.0.0, < 5.0.12>= 3.0.0, < 3.0.9>= 2.0.0, < 2.1.7< 1.1.21 |
Weakness: CWE-400, CWE-407 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:L
References
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/security/advisories/GHSA-q2hr-2g5m-vwhr x_refsource_CONFIRM
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/33a5ef17b8d800bbfa8c52b14c39043b6aac1a96 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/bdff773f98e5988616b7039cc9b508df5d640b22 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/c55e67d8d8b1c56a2474afff15c2891166b2d364 x_refsource_MISC
- https://github.com/juliangruber/brace-expansion/commit/ffdfa3e3806bed17c0874b8f1439b084de354a7e x_refsource_MISC