Vulnerability · Published Nov 18, 2025 · Assigned by WSO2
CVE-2025-9312Improper Certificate-Based Authentication Enforcement in Multiple WSO2 Products
Critical 9.8
In plain English
A critical-severity missing authentication in org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service from WSO2. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 16% of all known vulnerabilities).
Official description
A missing authentication enforcement vulnerability exists in the mutual TLS (mTLS) implementation used by System REST APIs and SOAP services in multiple WSO2 products. Due to improper validation of client certificate–based authentication in certain default configurations, the affected components may permit unauthenticated requests even when mTLS is enabled. This condition occurs when relying on the default mTLS settings for System REST APIs or when the mTLS authenticator is enabled for SOAP services, causing these interfaces to accept requests without enforcing additional authentication. Successful exploitation allows a malicious actor with network access to the affected endpoints to gain administrative privileges and perform unauthorized operations. The vulnerability is exploitable only when the impacted mTLS flows are enabled and accessible in a given deployment. Other certificate-based authentication mechanisms such as Mutual TLS OAuth client authentication and X.509 login flows are not affected, and APIs served through the API Gateway of WSO2 API Manager remain unaffected.
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Manager | 2.2.0 – before 2.2.0.582.5.0 – before 2.5.0.842.6.0 – before 2.6.0.1453.0.0 – before 3.0.0.1753.1.0 – before 3.1.0.3393.2.0 – before 3.2.0.4393.2.1 – before 3.2.1.59 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 API Control Plane | 4.5.0 – before 4.5.0.22 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Traffic Manager | 4.5.0 – before 4.5.0.20 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Universal Gateway | 4.5.0 – before 4.5.0.20 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server as Key Manager | 5.3.0 – before 5.3.0.395.5.0 – before 5.5.0.525.6.0 – before 5.6.0.745.7.0 – before 5.7.0.1245.9.0 – before 5.9.0.1755.10.0 – before 5.10.0.358 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Identity Server | 5.2.0 – before 5.2.0.335.3.0 – before 5.3.0.345.4.0 – before 5.4.0.335.4.1 – before 5.4.1.375.5.0 – before 5.5.0.515.6.0 – before 5.6.0.595.7.0 – before 5.7.0.125 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking KM | 1.4.0 – before 1.4.0.1321.5.0 – before 1.5.0.122 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking AM | 1.4.0 – before 1.4.0.1381.5.0 – before 1.5.0.1392.0.0 – before 2.0.0.388 |
| WSO2 | WSO2 Open Banking IAM | 2.0.0 – before 2.0.0.408 |
| WSO2 | org.wso2.carbon.identity.auth.service | 1.1.1 – before 1.1.1.21.1.16 – before 1.1.16.31.1.18 – before 1.1.18.41.1.20 – before 1.1.20.51.1.26 – before 1.1.26.71.3.6 – before 1.3.6.81.4.0 – before 1.4.0.181.4.25 – before 1.4.25.24 |
Weakness: CWE-306 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H