Vulnerability · Published Oct 1, 2025 · Assigned by GitHub_M

CVE-2025-61588risc0 vulnerable to arbitrary code execution in guest via memory safety failure in `sys_read`

Critical 9.3

In plain English

A critical-severity code injection in risc0 from risc0. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.5% (higher than 40% of all known vulnerabilities).

Severity (CVSS 4.0)9.3Critical

Exploit odds (30 days)0.5%top 59.7% of all CVEs

Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none

Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

RISC Zero is a zero-knowledge verifiable general computing platform based on zk-STARKs and the RISC-V microarchitecture. In versions 2.0.2 and below of risc0-zkvm-platform, when the zkVM guest calls sys_read, the host is able to use a crafted response to write to an arbitrary memory location in the guest. This capability can be leveraged to execute arbitrary code within the guest. As sys_read is the mechanism by which input is requested by the guest, all guest programs built with the affected versions are vulnerable. This critically compromises the soundness guarantees of the guest program. Other affected packages include risc0-aggregation versions below 0.9, risc0-zkos-v1compat below 2.1.0, risc0-zkvm versions between 3.0.0-rc.1 and 3.0.1. This issue has been fixed in the following versions: risc0-zkvm-platform 2.1.0, risc0-zkos-v1compat 2.1.0, risc0-aggregation 0.9, and risc0-zkvm 2.3.2 and 3.0.3.

Affected products (as reported)

Vendor	Product	Versions
risc0	risc0	< 2.1.0

Weakness: CWE-94 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

https://github.com/risc0/risc0/security/advisories/GHSA-jqq4-c7wq-36h7 x_refsource_CONFIRM
https://github.com/risc0/risc0/pull/3351 x_refsource_MISC
https://github.com/risc0/risc0/commit/3f00e1fa0159599c1601e788021f2169d1f0a4dc x_refsource_MISC