Vulnerability · Published Aug 13, 2025 · Assigned by CERT-In

CVE-2025-54465Hard-coded Credentials Vulnerability in ZKTeco WL20

Medium 6.8

In plain English

A medium-severity hard-coded credentials in WL20 Biometric Attendance System from ZKTeco Co. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 10% of all known vulnerabilities).

Severity (CVSS 4.0)6.8Medium

Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 90.1% of all CVEs

Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none

Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

This vulnerability exists in ZKTeco WL20 due to hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints stored in plaintext within the device firmware. An attacker with physical access could exploit this vulnerability by extracting the firmware and analyzing the binary data to retrieve the hard-coded MQTT credentials and endpoints from the targeted device. Successful exploitation of this vulnerability could allow the attacker to gain unauthorized access to the MQTT broker and manipulate the communications of the targeted device.

Affected products (as reported)

Vendor	Product	Versions
ZKTeco Co	WL20 Biometric Attendance System	<=ZLM31-FXO1-3.1.8

Weakness: CWE-798 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

References

https://www.cert-in.org.in/s2cMainServlet?pageid=PUBVLNOTES01&VLCODE=CIVN-2025-0172 third-party-advisory
https://www.zkteco.com/en/Security_Bulletinsibs/20 vendor-advisory