Vulnerability · Published May 17, 2025 · Assigned by GitHub_M

CVE-2025-47273setuptools has a path traversal vulnerability in PackageIndex.download that leads to Arbitrary File Write

High 7.7

In plain English

A high-severity path traversal in setuptools from pypa. Proof-of-concept exploit code is public. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 1.6% (higher than 76% of all known vulnerabilities). Ready-made attack tooling exists: public proof-of-concept code. Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 4.0)7.7High
Exploit odds (30 days)1.6%top 24.2% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: poc
Attack tooling1Public PoC

Official description

setuptools is a package that allows users to download, build, install, upgrade, and uninstall Python packages. A path traversal vulnerability in `PackageIndex` is present in setuptools prior to version 78.1.1. An attacker would be allowed to write files to arbitrary locations on the filesystem with the permissions of the process running the Python code, which could escalate to remote code execution depending on the context. Version 78.1.1 fixes the issue.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-aliyun4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-all4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-amt-ws4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-apc4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-apc-snmp4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-aws4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-azure-arm4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-bladecenter4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-brocade4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-cisco-mds4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-cisco-ucs4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-common4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-compute4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-drac54.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-eaton-snmp4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-emerson4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-eps4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-gce4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-heuristics-ping4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-hpblade4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ibm-powervs4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ibm-vpc4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ibmblade4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ifmib4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ilo-moonshot4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ilo-mp4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ilo-ssh4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ilo24.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-intelmodular4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ipdu4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-ipmilan4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-kdump4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-kubevirt4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-lpar4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-mpath4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-openstack4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-redfish4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-rhevm4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-rsa4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-rsb4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-sbd4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-scsi4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-virsh4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-vmware-rest4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-vmware-soap4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-wti4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-agents-zvm4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virt4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd-cpg4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd-libvirt4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd-multicast4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd-serial4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9fence-virtd-tcp4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:9ha-cloud-support4.10.0-86.el9_6.7ALSA-2025:11463
AlmaLinux:8platform-python-setuptools39.2.0-9.el8_10ALSA-2025:11036
AlmaLinux:10python3-setuptools69.0.3-12.el10_0ALSA-2025:9940
AlmaLinux:8python3-setuptools39.2.0-9.el8_10ALSA-2025:11036
AlmaLinux:9python3-setuptools53.0.0-13.el9_6.1ALSA-2025:10407
AlmaLinux:10python3-setuptools-wheel69.0.3-12.el10_0ALSA-2025:9940
AlmaLinux:8python3-setuptools-wheel39.2.0-9.el8_10ALSA-2025:11036
AlmaLinux:9python3-setuptools-wheel53.0.0-13.el9_6.1ALSA-2025:10407
AlmaLinux:8python3.11-setuptools65.5.1-4.el8_10ALSA-2025:11043
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-setuptools65.5.1-4.el9_6ALSA-2025:13578
AlmaLinux:8python3.11-setuptools-wheel65.5.1-4.el8_10ALSA-2025:11043
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-setuptools-wheel65.5.1-4.el9_6ALSA-2025:13578
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-setuptools68.2.2-5.el9_6ALSA-2025:12834
AlmaLinux:8python3.12-setuptools-wheel68.2.2-5.el8_10ALSA-2025:11044
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-setuptools-wheel68.2.2-5.el9_6ALSA-2025:12834
AlmaLinux:8python393.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-Cython0.29.21-5.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-Cython0.29.21-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-PyMySQL0.10.1-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-attrs20.3.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-cffi1.14.3-2.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-cffi1.14.3-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-chardet3.0.4-19.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-cryptography3.3.1-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-debug3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-devel3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-idle3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-idna2.10-4.module_el8.10.0+3849+a48d89aaALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-iniconfig1.1.1-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-libs3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-lxml4.6.5-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-lxml4.6.5-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-mod_wsgi4.7.1-7.module_el8.10.0+3989+a618fe15.1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-more-itertools8.5.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-doc1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-f2py1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-f2py1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-packaging20.4-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pip20.2.4-9.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pip-wheel20.2.4-9.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pluggy0.13.1-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-ply3.11-10.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-psutil5.8.0-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-psutil5.8.0-4.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg22.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg2-doc2.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg2-tests2.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-py1.10.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind112.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind112.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind11-devel2.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind11-devel2.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pycparser2.20-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyparsing2.4.7-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pysocks1.7.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pytest6.0.2-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyyaml5.4.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyyaml5.4.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-requests2.25.0-3.module_el8.9.0+3634+fb2a896cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-rpm-macros3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-scipy1.5.4-5.module_el8.9.0+3634+fb2a896cALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-setuptools50.3.2-7.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-setuptools-wheel50.3.2-7.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-six1.15.0-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-test3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-tkinter3.9.20-2.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-toml0.10.1-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-urllib31.25.10-5.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-wcwidth0.2.5-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
AlmaLinux:8python39-wheel-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:14900
Debian:12setuptools66.1.1-1+deb12u2DEBIAN-CVE-2025-47273
Debian:13setuptools78.1.1-0.1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-47273
Debian:14setuptools78.1.1-0.1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-47273
PyPIsetuptools78.1.1GHSA-5rjg-fvgr-3xxf
PyPIsetuptools78.1.1PYSEC-2025-49
Rocky Linux:8Cython0:0.29.21-5.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8Cython0:0.29.21-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:9fence-agents0:4.10.0-86.el9_6.7RLSA-2025:11463
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1978+d4f111ba.1RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8numpy0:1.19.4-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8numpy0:1.19.4-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8pybind110:2.7.1-1.module+el8.9.0+1357+a3b80af7RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8pytest0:6.0.2-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8pytest0:6.0.2-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1592+61442852RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1910+234ad790RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-attrs0:20.3.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-attrs0:20.3.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-cffi0:1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-cffi0:1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-cryptography0:3.3.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-cryptography0:3.3.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1697+7e517775RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-idna0:2.10-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-idna0:2.10-4.module+el8.10.0+1809+41195054RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-iniconfig0:1.1.1-2.module+el8.9.0+1332+dd574197RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-lxml0:4.6.5-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-more-itertools0:8.5.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-more-itertools0:8.5.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-packaging0:20.4-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-packaging0:20.4-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pluggy0:0.13.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pluggy0:0.13.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-psutil0:5.8.0-4.module+el8.9.0+1357+a3b80af7RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-psycopg20:2.8.6-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-psycopg20:2.8.6-3.module+el8.10.0+1660+b5b6f004RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-py0:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-py0:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pycparser0:2.20-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pycparser0:2.20-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-requests0:2.25.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-requests0:2.25.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:10python-setuptools0:69.0.3-12.el10_0RLSA-2025:9940
Rocky Linux:8python-setuptools0:39.2.0-9.el8_10RLSA-2025:11036
Rocky Linux:9python-setuptools0:53.0.0-13.el9_6.1RLSA-2025:10407
Rocky Linux:8python-toml0:0.10.1-5.module+el8.9.0+1332+dd574197RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-urllib30:1.25.10-5.module+el8.10.0+1545+03246da9RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-urllib30:1.25.10-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-wcwidth0:0.2.5-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-wcwidth0:0.2.5-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python3.11-setuptools0:65.5.1-4.el8_10RLSA-2025:11043
Rocky Linux:9python3.11-setuptools0:65.5.1-4.el9_6RLSA-2025:13578
Rocky Linux:8python3.12-setuptools0:68.2.2-5.el8_10RLSA-2025:11044
Rocky Linux:9python3.12-setuptools0:68.2.2-5.el9_6RLSA-2025:12834
Rocky Linux:8python390:3.9.20-2.module+el8.10.0+2057+30213a2bRLSA-2025:14900
Rocky Linux:8python3x-pip0:20.2.4-9.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:14900

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
pypa setuptools < 78.1.1

Weakness: CWE-22 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P

References