Vulnerability · Published Oct 28, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-40054f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio()

High 7.8

In plain English

A high-severity security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 6% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 3.1)7.8High
Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 94.1% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsnot in CISA KEV
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: f2fs: fix UAF issue in f2fs_merge_page_bio() As JY reported in bugzilla [1], Unable to handle kernel NULL pointer dereference at virtual address 0000000000000000 pc : [0xffffffe51d249484] f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98 lr : [0xffffffe51d24adbc] f2fs_merge_page_bio+0x520/0x6d4 CPU: 3 UID: 0 PID: 6790 Comm: kworker/u16:3 Tainted: P B W OE 6.12.30-android16-5-maybe-dirty-4k #1 5f7701c9cbf727d1eebe77c89bbbeb3371e895e5 Tainted: [P]=PROPRIETARY_MODULE, [B]=BAD_PAGE, [W]=WARN, [O]=OOT_MODULE, [E]=UNSIGNED_MODULE Workqueue: writeback wb_workfn (flush-254:49) Call trace: f2fs_is_cp_guaranteed+0x70/0x98 f2fs_inplace_write_data+0x174/0x2f4 f2fs_do_write_data_page+0x214/0x81c f2fs_write_single_data_page+0x28c/0x764 f2fs_write_data_pages+0x78c/0xce4 do_writepages+0xe8/0x2fc __writeback_single_inode+0x4c/0x4b4 writeback_sb_inodes+0x314/0x540 __writeback_inodes_wb+0xa4/0xf4 wb_writeback+0x160/0x448 wb_workfn+0x2f0/0x5dc process_scheduled_works+0x1c8/0x458 worker_thread+0x334/0x3f0 kthread+0x118/0x1ac ret_from_fork+0x10/0x20 [1] https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=220575 The panic was caused by UAF issue w/ below race condition: kworker - writepages - f2fs_write_cache_pages - f2fs_write_single_data_page - f2fs_do_write_data_page - f2fs_inplace_write_data - f2fs_merge_page_bio - add_inu_page : cache page #1 into bio & cache bio in io->bio_list - f2fs_write_single_data_page - f2fs_do_write_data_page - f2fs_inplace_write_data - f2fs_merge_page_bio - add_inu_page : cache page #2 into bio which is linked in io->bio_list write - f2fs_write_begin : write page #1 - f2fs_folio_wait_writeback - f2fs_submit_merged_ipu_write - f2fs_submit_write_bio : submit bio which inclues page #1 and #2 software IRQ - f2fs_write_end_io - fscrypt_free_bounce_page : freed bounced page which belongs to page #2 - inc_page_count( , WB_DATA_TYPE(data_folio), false) : data_folio points to fio->encrypted_page the bounced page can be freed before accessing it in f2fs_is_cp_guarantee() It can reproduce w/ below testcase: Run below script in shell #1: for ((i=1;i>0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \ -c "pwrite 0 32k" -c "fdatasync" Run below script in shell #2: for ((i=1;i>0;i++)) do xfs_io -f /mnt/f2fs/enc/file \ -c "pwrite 0 32k" -c "fdatasync" So, in f2fs_merge_page_bio(), let's avoid using fio->encrypted_page after commit page into internal ipu cache.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linux6.1.187-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40054
Debian:13linux6.12.105-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40054
Debian:14linux6.17.6-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40054
Debian:12linux-6.126.12.107-1~deb12u1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-202.212UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux6.17.0-14.14USN-8029-1
Ubuntu:25.10linux6.17.0-14.14UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1119.126UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-aws6.17.0-1007.7UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-aws6.17.0-1007.7USN-8029-2
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.176.17.0-1007.7~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1125.134UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure6.17.0-1008.8UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure6.17.0-1008.8USN-8029-3
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1124.133UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1120.130UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-gcp6.17.0-1007.7USN-8030-1
Ubuntu:25.10linux-gcp6.17.0-1007.7UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.176.17.0-1008.8~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1115.121UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1102.110UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1113.117UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1114.120UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1111.116UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-197.207UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1114.115UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.176.17.0-1008.8UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1070.72UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1035.38UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1059.59UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.176.17.0-1011.11UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.176.17.0-1011.11USN-8048-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1116.122UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-oracle6.17.0-1007.7UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-oracle6.17.0-1007.7USN-8029-2
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.176.17.0-1007.7~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-raspi6.17.0-1008.8USN-8029-1
Ubuntu:25.10linux-raspi6.17.0-1008.8UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-realtime6.17.0-1006.7UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-realtime6.17.0-1006.7USN-8029-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:25.10linux-riscv6.17.0-14.14.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-vmwareno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-40054

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 0b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before 1f7b44b4a2b2939f08b279cbb9e6b5dcb8ffea320b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before e193d8953647c8b575830852aa5ea0995b98d2b10b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before 410337c2301ae78a081e1b5ebbe8ec374fef4cb60b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before 68e094232dfe5027c4fd2dcded93d2d6800bae040b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before 7dd611131d82d7fc4212b555eb1103160bdad3020b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before 01118321e0c8a5f3ece57d0d377bfc92d83cd2100b20fcec8651569935a10afe03fedc0b812d044e – before edf7e9040fc52c922db947f9c6c36f07377c52ea
Linux Linux 5.5

References