Vulnerability · Published Sep 19, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-39851vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object

High 7.5

In plain English

A high-severity null pointer dereference in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.4% (higher than 34% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 3.1)7.5High
Exploit odds (30 days)0.4%top 65.8% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: vxlan: Fix NPD when refreshing an FDB entry with a nexthop object VXLAN FDB entries can point to either a remote destination or an FDB nexthop group. The latter is usually used in EVPN deployments where learning is disabled. However, when learning is enabled, an incoming packet might try to refresh an FDB entry that points to an FDB nexthop group and therefore does not have a remote. Such packets should be dropped, but they are only dropped after dereferencing the non-existent remote, resulting in a NPD [1] which can be reproduced using [2]. Fix by dropping such packets earlier. Remove the misleading comment from first_remote_rcu(). [1] BUG: kernel NULL pointer dereference, address: 0000000000000000 [...] CPU: 13 UID: 0 PID: 361 Comm: mausezahn Not tainted 6.17.0-rc1-virtme-g9f6b606b6b37 #1 PREEMPT(voluntary) Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996), BIOS 1.17.0-4.fc41 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:vxlan_snoop+0x98/0x1e0 [...] Call Trace: <TASK> vxlan_encap_bypass+0x209/0x240 encap_bypass_if_local+0xb1/0x100 vxlan_xmit_one+0x1375/0x17e0 vxlan_xmit+0x6b4/0x15f0 dev_hard_start_xmit+0x5d/0x1c0 __dev_queue_xmit+0x246/0xfd0 packet_sendmsg+0x113a/0x1850 __sock_sendmsg+0x38/0x70 __sys_sendto+0x126/0x180 __x64_sys_sendto+0x24/0x30 do_syscall_64+0xa4/0x260 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x4b/0x53 [2] #!/bin/bash ip address add 192.0.2.1/32 dev lo ip address add 192.0.2.2/32 dev lo ip nexthop add id 1 via 192.0.2.3 fdb ip nexthop add id 10 group 1 fdb ip link add name vx0 up type vxlan id 10010 local 192.0.2.1 dstport 12345 localbypass ip link add name vx1 up type vxlan id 10020 local 192.0.2.2 dstport 54321 learning bridge fdb add 00:11:22:33:44:55 dev vx0 self static dst 192.0.2.2 port 54321 vni 10020 bridge fdb add 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee dev vx1 self static nhid 10 mausezahn vx0 -a 00:aa:bb:cc:dd:ee -b 00:11:22:33:44:55 -c 1 -q

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linuxno fix listedDEBIAN-CVE-2025-39851
Debian:13linux6.12.48-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39851
Debian:14linux6.16.6-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux6.8.0-106.106UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws6.8.0-1050.53UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.86.8.0-1050.53~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure6.8.0-1051.57UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.86.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde6.8.0-1058.65UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.86.8.0-1058.65~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp6.8.0-1052.55UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.86.8.0-1052.55~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gke6.8.0-1048.53UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeop6.8.0-1035.38UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.86.8.0-106.106~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibm6.8.0-1049.49UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.86.8.0-1049.49~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-intelno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotgno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency6.8.0-106.106.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.86.8.0-106.106.1~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia6.8.0-1049.52UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.86.8.0-1049.52~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatency6.8.0-1049.52.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegrano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1020.20UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle6.8.0-1047.48UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.86.8.0-1047.48~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi6.8.0-1050.54UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.86.8.0-106.106~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinx6.8.0-1028.29UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39851

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 1274e1cc42264d4e629841e4f182795cb0becfd2 – before b1113c7f6110e4c7f16bbaaabf355a89488737771274e1cc42264d4e629841e4f182795cb0becfd2 – before 18e4b315e359fa0505eee318a0cb745240122e2f1274e1cc42264d4e629841e4f182795cb0becfd2 – before 4ff4f3104da6507e0f118c63c4560dfdeb59dce31274e1cc42264d4e629841e4f182795cb0becfd2 – before 0e8630f24c14d9c655d19eabe2e52a9e9f7133071274e1cc42264d4e629841e4f182795cb0becfd2 – before 6ead38147ebb813f08be6ea8ef547a0e4c09559a
Linux Linux 5.8

Weakness: CWE-476 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

References