Vulnerability · Published Sep 5, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-39726s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ism_cmd()

Critical 9.8

In plain English

A critical-severity security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.3% (higher than 17% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 3.1)9.8Critical
Exploit odds (30 days)0.3%top 83.1% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: s390/ism: fix concurrency management in ism_cmd() The s390x ISM device data sheet clearly states that only one request-response sequence is allowable per ISM function at any point in time. Unfortunately as of today the s390/ism driver in Linux does not honor that requirement. This patch aims to rectify that. This problem was discovered based on Aliaksei's bug report which states that for certain workloads the ISM functions end up entering error state (with PEC 2 as seen from the logs) after a while and as a consequence connections handled by the respective function break, and for future connection requests the ISM device is not considered -- given it is in a dysfunctional state. During further debugging PEC 3A was observed as well. A kernel message like [ 1211.244319] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: Event 0x2 reports an error for PCI function 0x61a is a reliable indicator of the stated function entering error state with PEC 2. Let me also point out that a kernel message like [ 1211.244325] zpci: 061a:00:00.0: The ism driver bound to the device does not support error recovery is a reliable indicator that the ISM function won't be auto-recovered because the ISM driver currently lacks support for it. On a technical level, without this synchronization, commands (inputs to the FW) may be partially or fully overwritten (corrupted) by another CPU trying to issue commands on the same function. There is hard evidence that this can lead to DMB token values being used as DMB IOVAs, leading to PEC 2 PCI events indicating invalid DMA. But this is only one of the failure modes imaginable. In theory even completely losing one command and executing another one twice and then trying to interpret the outputs as if the command we intended to execute was actually executed and not the other one is also possible. Frankly, I don't feel confident about providing an exhaustive list of possible consequences.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linuxno fix listedDEBIAN-CVE-2025-39726
Debian:13linux6.12.41-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39726
Debian:14linux6.16.3-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux5.15.0-202.212USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux6.8.0-100.100UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1119.126UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws5.15.0-1119.126USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws6.8.0-1046.49UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.146.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.86.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1125.134UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure5.15.0-1125.134USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure6.8.0-1046.52UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.146.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.86.8.0-1051.57~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1124.133UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde5.15.0-1124.133USN-8962-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde6.8.0-1046.53UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.86.8.0-1046.53~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia-6.14no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1120.130USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp5.15.0-1120.130UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp6.8.0-1047.50UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.146.14.0-1020.21~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.86.8.0-1047.50~22.04.2UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1115.121USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gke5.15.0-1115.121UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gke6.8.0-1043.48UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1102.110UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeop5.15.0-1102.110USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeop6.8.0-1030.33UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.86.8.0-100.100~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1113.117UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm5.15.0-1113.117USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibm6.8.0-1044.44UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.86.8.0-1044.44~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-intelno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1114.120UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotg5.15.0-1114.120USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1111.116UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvm5.15.0-1111.116USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-197.207USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency5.15.0-197.207UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency6.8.0-100.100.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.86.8.0-100.100.1~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1114.115UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia5.15.0-1114.115USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia6.8.0-1046.49UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.86.8.0-1046.49~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatency6.8.0-1046.49.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra5.15.0-1070.72UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1020.20UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igx5.15.0-1059.59UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.146.14.0-1016.16UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1116.122USN-8961-1
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle5.15.0-1116.122UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle6.8.0-1043.44UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.146.14.0-1017.17~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.86.8.0-1043.44~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi6.8.0-1047.51UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.146.14.0-36.36.1~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.86.8.0-100.100~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinx6.8.0-1023.24UBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-39726

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 684b89bc39ce4f204b1a2b180f39f2eb36a6b695 – before 79536c83cf38c285709757c4026da4ae151223ae684b89bc39ce4f204b1a2b180f39f2eb36a6b695 – before faf44487dfc80817f178dc8de7a0b73f960d019b684b89bc39ce4f204b1a2b180f39f2eb36a6b695 – before 1194ad0d44d66b273a02a3a22882dc863a68d764684b89bc39ce4f204b1a2b180f39f2eb36a6b695 – before fafaa4982bedb5532f5952000f714a3e63023f40684b89bc39ce4f204b1a2b180f39f2eb36a6b695 – before 897e8601b9cff1d054cdd53047f568b0e1995726
Linux Linux 4.19

References