Vulnerability · Published Apr 16, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-22109ax25: Remove broken autobind

High 7.8

In plain English

A high-severity security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.3% (higher than 17% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 3.1)7.8High
Exploit odds (30 days)0.3%top 83.2% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsnot in CISA KEV
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: ax25: Remove broken autobind Binding AX25 socket by using the autobind feature leads to memory leaks in ax25_connect() and also refcount leaks in ax25_release(). Memory leak was detected with kmemleak: ================================================================ unreferenced object 0xffff8880253cd680 (size 96): backtrace: __kmalloc_node_track_caller_noprof (./include/linux/kmemleak.h:43) kmemdup_noprof (mm/util.c:136) ax25_rt_autobind (net/ax25/ax25_route.c:428) ax25_connect (net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1282) __sys_connect_file (net/socket.c:2045) __sys_connect (net/socket.c:2064) __x64_sys_connect (net/socket.c:2067) do_syscall_64 (arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83) entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe (arch/x86/entry/entry_64.S:130) ================================================================ When socket is bound, refcounts must be incremented the way it is done in ax25_bind() and ax25_setsockopt() (SO_BINDTODEVICE). In case of autobind, the refcounts are not incremented. This bug leads to the following issue reported by Syzkaller: ================================================================ ax25_connect(): syz-executor318 uses autobind, please contact jreuter@yaina.de ------------[ cut here ]------------ refcount_t: decrement hit 0; leaking memory. WARNING: CPU: 0 PID: 5317 at lib/refcount.c:31 refcount_warn_saturate+0xfa/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:31 Modules linked in: CPU: 0 UID: 0 PID: 5317 Comm: syz-executor318 Not tainted 6.14.0-rc4-syzkaller-00278-gece144f151ac #0 Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (Q35 + ICH9, 2009), BIOS 1.16.3-debian-1.16.3-2~bpo12+1 04/01/2014 RIP: 0010:refcount_warn_saturate+0xfa/0x1d0 lib/refcount.c:31 ... Call Trace: <TASK> __refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:336 [inline] refcount_dec include/linux/refcount.h:351 [inline] ref_tracker_free+0x6af/0x7e0 lib/ref_tracker.c:236 netdev_tracker_free include/linux/netdevice.h:4302 [inline] netdev_put include/linux/netdevice.h:4319 [inline] ax25_release+0x368/0x960 net/ax25/af_ax25.c:1080 __sock_release net/socket.c:647 [inline] sock_close+0xbc/0x240 net/socket.c:1398 __fput+0x3e9/0x9f0 fs/file_table.c:464 __do_sys_close fs/open.c:1580 [inline] __se_sys_close fs/open.c:1565 [inline] __x64_sys_close+0x7f/0x110 fs/open.c:1565 do_syscall_x64 arch/x86/entry/common.c:52 [inline] do_syscall_64+0xf3/0x230 arch/x86/entry/common.c:83 entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x77/0x7f ... </TASK> ================================================================ Considering the issues above and the comments left in the code that say: "check if we can remove this feature. It is broken."; "autobinding in this may or may not work"; - it is better to completely remove this feature than to fix it because it is broken and leads to various kinds of memory bugs. Now calling connect() without first binding socket will result in an error (-EINVAL). Userspace software that relies on the autobind feature might get broken. However, this feature does not seem widely used with this specific driver as it was not reliable at any point of time, and it is already broken anyway. E.g. ax25-tools and ax25-apps packages for popular distributions do not use the autobind feature for AF_AX25. Found by Linux Verification Center (linuxtesting.org) with Syzkaller.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linuxno fix listedDEBIAN-CVE-2025-22109
Debian:13linux6.12.115-2DEBIAN-CVE-2025-22109
Debian:14linux6.16.3-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinuxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-awsno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azureno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:25.10linux-azure-fdeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeopno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-intelno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iotgno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-kvmno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidiano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatencyno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegrano fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1035.38USN-8781-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1035.38UBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra-igxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.11no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracleno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspino fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-vmwareno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinxno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-xilinx-zynqmpno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-22109

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 – before 7bffc5aad1e89354151150af2d4ded20b3c702a01da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 – before f364eb60987a55712bcfb9a69235bf3f31bfab5a1da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 – before 064bc39c23f72efbfbf189786da711d2534510331da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 – before 61203fdd3e35519db9a98b6ff8983c620ffc46961da177e4c3f41524e886b7f1b8a0c1fc7321cac2 – before 2f6efbabceb6b2914ee9bafb86d9a51feae9cce8
Linux Linux 2.6.12

References