Vulnerability · Published Apr 1, 2025 · Assigned by Linux

CVE-2025-21986net: switchdev: Convert blocking notification chain to a raw one

Medium 5.5

In plain English

A medium-severity security flaw in Linux from Linux. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.2% (higher than 4% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS NVD)5.5Medium
Exploit odds (30 days)0.2%top 95.6% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

In the Linux kernel, the following vulnerability has been resolved: net: switchdev: Convert blocking notification chain to a raw one A blocking notification chain uses a read-write semaphore to protect the integrity of the chain. The semaphore is acquired for writing when adding / removing notifiers to / from the chain and acquired for reading when traversing the chain and informing notifiers about an event. In case of the blocking switchdev notification chain, recursive notifications are possible which leads to the semaphore being acquired twice for reading and to lockdep warnings being generated [1]. Specifically, this can happen when the bridge driver processes a SWITCHDEV_BRPORT_UNOFFLOADED event which causes it to emit notifications about deferred events when calling switchdev_deferred_process(). Fix this by converting the notification chain to a raw notification chain in a similar fashion to the netdev notification chain. Protect the chain using the RTNL mutex by acquiring it when modifying the chain. Events are always informed under the RTNL mutex, but add an assertion in call_switchdev_blocking_notifiers() to make sure this is not violated in the future. Maintain the "blocking" prefix as events are always emitted from process context and listeners are allowed to block. [1]: WARNING: possible recursive locking detected 6.14.0-rc4-custom-g079270089484 #1 Not tainted -------------------------------------------- ip/52731 is trying to acquire lock: ffffffff850918d8 ((switchdev_blocking_notif_chain).rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x58/0xa0 but task is already holding lock: ffffffff850918d8 ((switchdev_blocking_notif_chain).rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x58/0xa0 other info that might help us debug this: Possible unsafe locking scenario: CPU0 ---- lock((switchdev_blocking_notif_chain).rwsem); lock((switchdev_blocking_notif_chain).rwsem); *** DEADLOCK *** May be due to missing lock nesting notation 3 locks held by ip/52731: #0: ffffffff84f795b0 (rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: rtnl_newlink+0x727/0x1dc0 #1: ffffffff8731f628 (&net->rtnl_mutex){+.+.}-{4:4}, at: rtnl_newlink+0x790/0x1dc0 #2: ffffffff850918d8 ((switchdev_blocking_notif_chain).rwsem){++++}-{4:4}, at: blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x58/0xa0 stack backtrace: ... ? __pfx_down_read+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_mark_lock+0x10/0x10 ? __pfx_switchdev_port_attr_set_deferred+0x10/0x10 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x58/0xa0 switchdev_port_attr_notify.constprop.0+0xb3/0x1b0 ? __pfx_switchdev_port_attr_notify.constprop.0+0x10/0x10 ? mark_held_locks+0x94/0xe0 ? switchdev_deferred_process+0x11a/0x340 switchdev_port_attr_set_deferred+0x27/0xd0 switchdev_deferred_process+0x164/0x340 br_switchdev_port_unoffload+0xc8/0x100 [bridge] br_switchdev_blocking_event+0x29f/0x580 [bridge] notifier_call_chain+0xa2/0x440 blocking_notifier_call_chain+0x6e/0xa0 switchdev_bridge_port_unoffload+0xde/0x1a0 ...

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
Debian:12linux6.1.133-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21986
Debian:13linux6.12.20-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21986
Debian:14linux6.12.20-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux6.8.0-84.84UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-allwinner-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-aws6.8.0-1039.41UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-aws-6.86.8.0-1039.41~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure6.8.0-1038.44UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.116.11.0-1018.18~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-6.86.8.0-1036.42~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-azure-fde-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-azure-nvidia6.8.0-1025.27UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp6.8.0-1040.42UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.116.11.0-1016.16~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-gcp-6.86.8.0-1040.42~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gke6.8.0-1036.40UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-gkeop6.8.0-1023.25UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.116.11.0-28.28~24.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-hwe-6.86.8.0-85.85~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-ibm6.8.0-1037.37UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-ibm-6.86.8.0-1037.37~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-intelno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-intel-iot-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency6.8.0-84.84.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.116.11.0-1015.16~24.04.2UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-lowlatency-hwe-6.86.8.0-84.84.1~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia6.8.0-1039.42UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.116.11.0-1012.12UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-6.86.8.0-1039.42~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-lowlatency6.8.0-1039.42.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-nvidia-tegra6.8.0-1010.10UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-5.17no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.0no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.1no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.116.11.0-1024.24UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oem-6.8no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-oracle6.8.0-1037.38UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-oracle-6.86.8.0-1037.38~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi6.8.0-1039.43UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-raspi-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-realtimeno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-riscvno fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-riscv-6.86.8.0-84.84~22.04.1UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-5.19no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.2no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSlinux-starfive-6.5no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSlinux-xilinx6.8.0-1018.19UBUNTU-CVE-2025-21986

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Linux Linux 91ac2c79e896b28a4a3a262384689ee6dfeaf083 – before af757f5ee3f754c5dceefb05c12ff37cb46fc682a83856bd0c240267a86ce3388f3437d6ba5ac5ca – before 1f7d051814e7a0cb1f0717ed5527c1059992129df7a70d650b0b6b0134ccba763d672c8439d9f09b – before a597d4b75669ec82c72cbee9fe75a15d04b35b2bf7a70d650b0b6b0134ccba763d672c8439d9f09b – before f9ed3fb50b872bd78bcb01f25087f9e4e25085d8f7a70d650b0b6b0134ccba763d672c8439d9f09b – before 62531a1effa87bdab12d5104015af72e60d926ffa7589eca09929c3cc2a62950ef7f40bcc58afe3a6.1.80 – before 6.1.1326.6.19 – before 6.6.84
Linux Linux 6.8

References