Vulnerability · Published Oct 23, 2025 · Assigned by HashiCorp
CVE-2025-12044Vault Vulnerable to Denial of Service Due to Rate Limit Regression
High 7.5
In plain English
A high-severity resource allocation without limits in Vault from HashiCorp. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 0.5% (higher than 45% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.
Official description
Vault and Vault Enterprise (“Vault”) are vulnerable to an unauthenticated denial of service when processing JSON payloads. This occurs due to a regression from a previous fix for [+HCSEC-2025-24+|https://discuss.hashicorp.com/t/hcsec-2025-24-vault-denial-of-service-though-complex-json-payloads/76393] which allowed for processing JSON payloads before applying rate limits. This vulnerability, CVE-2025-12044, is fixed in Vault Community Edition 1.21.0 and Vault Enterprise 1.16.27, 1.19.11, 1.20.5, and 1.21.0.
Affected packages & fixed versions
| Ecosystem | Package | Fixed in | Advisory |
|---|---|---|---|
| Go | github.com/hashicorp/vault | 1.21.0 | GHSA-vp5w-xcfc-73wf |
| Go | github.com/hashicorp/vault | 1.21.0 | GO-2025-4071 |
Affected products (as reported)
| Vendor | Product | Versions |
|---|---|---|
| HashiCorp | Vault | 1.20.3 – before 1.21.0 |
| HashiCorp | Vault Enterprise | 1.20.3 – before 1.21.01.19.9 – before 1.19.111.18.14 – before 1.18.151.16.25 – before 1.16.27 |
Weakness: CWE-770 · Vector: CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H