Vulnerability · Published Jan 31, 2025 · Assigned by PSF

CVE-2025-0938URL parser allowed square brackets in domain names

Medium 6.3

In plain English

A medium-severity improper input validation in CPython from Python Software Foundation. There are no confirmed reports of exploitation so far. The chance it is exploited in the next 30 days is estimated at 1.6% (higher than 75% of all known vulnerabilities). Fixed versions are available - upgrade the affected package.

Severity (CVSS 4.0)6.3Medium
Exploit odds (30 days)1.6%top 24.7% of all CVEs
Exploited in the wildNo reportsCISA SSVC: none
Attack toolingNoneno public tooling known

Official description

The Python standard library functions `urllib.parse.urlsplit` and `urlparse` accepted domain names that included square brackets which isn't valid according to RFC 3986. Square brackets are only meant to be used as delimiters for specifying IPv6 and IPvFuture hosts in URLs. This could result in differential parsing across the Python URL parser and other specification-compliant URL parsers.

Affected packages & fixed versions

EcosystemPackageFixed inAdvisory
AlmaLinux:8platform-python3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:8platform-python-debug3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:8platform-python-devel3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:9python-unversioned-command3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:9python33.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:9python3-debug3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:9python3-devel3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:8python3-idle3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:9python3-idle3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:8python3-libs3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:9python3-libs3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:8python3-test3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:9python3-test3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:8python3-tkinter3.6.8-74.el8_10.alma.1ALSA-2026:5588
AlmaLinux:9python3-tkinter3.9.21-2.el9ALSA-2025:6977
AlmaLinux:9python3.113.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-debug3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-devel3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-idle3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-libs3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-test3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.11-tkinter3.11.11-2.el9ALSA-2025:7109
AlmaLinux:9python3.123.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-debug3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-devel3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-idle3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-libs3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-test3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:9python3.12-tkinter3.12.9-1.el9ALSA-2025:7107
AlmaLinux:8python393.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-Cython0.29.21-5.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-Cython0.29.21-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-PyMySQL0.10.1-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-attrs20.3.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-cffi1.14.3-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-cffi1.14.3-2.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-chardet3.0.4-19.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-cryptography3.3.1-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-debug3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-devel3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-idle3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-idna2.10-4.module_el8.10.0+3849+a48d89aaALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-iniconfig1.1.1-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-libs3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-lxml4.6.5-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-lxml4.6.5-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-mod_wsgi4.7.1-7.module_el8.10.0+3989+a618fe15.1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-more-itertools8.5.0-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-doc1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-f2py1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-numpy-f2py1.19.4-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-packaging20.4-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pip20.2.4-9.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pip-wheel20.2.4-9.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pluggy0.13.1-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-ply3.11-10.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-psutil5.8.0-4.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-psutil5.8.0-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg22.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg2-doc2.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-psycopg2-tests2.8.6-3.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-py1.10.0-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind112.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind112.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind11-devel2.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pybind11-devel2.7.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pycparser2.20-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyparsing2.4.7-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pysocks1.7.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pytest6.0.2-2.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyyaml5.4.1-1.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-pyyaml5.4.1-1.module_el8.6.0+3248+c431e88cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-requests2.25.0-3.module_el8.9.0+3634+fb2a896cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-rpm-macros3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-scipy1.5.4-5.module_el8.9.0+3634+fb2a896cALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-setuptools50.3.2-7.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-setuptools-wheel50.3.2-7.module_el8.10.0+4040+9207bbc0ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-six1.15.0-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-test3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-tkinter3.9.25-2.module_el8.10.0+4083+53cad1fbALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-toml0.10.1-5.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-urllib31.25.10-5.module_el8.10.0+3765+2f9a457dALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-wcwidth0.2.5-3.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
AlmaLinux:8python39-wheel-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module_el8.6.0+2780+a40f65e1ALSA-2025:23530
Alpine:v3.20python33.12.9-r0ALPINE-CVE-2025-0938
Alpine:v3.21python33.12.9-r0ALPINE-CVE-2025-0938
Alpine:v3.22python33.12.9-r0ALPINE-CVE-2025-0938
Alpine:v3.23python33.12.9-r0ALPINE-CVE-2025-0938
Alpine:v3.24python33.12.9-r0ALPINE-CVE-2025-0938
Debian:12pypy3no fix listedDEBIAN-CVE-2025-0938
Debian:13pypy37.3.18+dfsg-2DEBIAN-CVE-2025-0938
Debian:14pypy37.3.18+dfsg-2DEBIAN-CVE-2025-0938
Debian:12python3.113.11.2-6+deb12u6DEBIAN-CVE-2025-0938
Debian:13python3.133.13.2-1DEBIAN-CVE-2025-0938
Rocky Linux:8Cython0:0.29.21-5.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8Cython0:0.29.21-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8PyYAML0:5.4.1-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1978+d4f111ba.1RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8mod_wsgi0:4.7.1-7.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8numpy0:1.19.4-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8numpy0:1.19.4-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8pybind110:2.7.1-1.module+el8.9.0+1357+a3b80af7RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8pytest0:6.0.2-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8pytest0:6.0.2-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1592+61442852RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-PyMySQL0:0.10.1-2.module+el8.10.0+1910+234ad790RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-attrs0:20.3.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-attrs0:20.3.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-cffi0:1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-cffi0:1.14.3-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-chardet0:3.0.4-19.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-cryptography0:3.3.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1697+7e517775RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-cryptography0:3.3.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-idna0:2.10-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-idna0:2.10-4.module+el8.10.0+1809+41195054RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-iniconfig0:1.1.1-2.module+el8.9.0+1332+dd574197RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-lxml0:4.6.5-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-more-itertools0:8.5.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-more-itertools0:8.5.0-2.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-packaging0:20.4-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-packaging0:20.4-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pluggy0:0.13.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pluggy0:0.13.1-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-ply0:3.11-10.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-psutil0:5.8.0-4.module+el8.9.0+1357+a3b80af7RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-psycopg20:2.8.6-3.module+el8.10.0+1660+b5b6f004RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-psycopg20:2.8.6-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-py0:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-py0:1.10.0-1.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pycparser0:2.20-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pycparser0:2.20-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-pysocks0:1.7.1-4.module+el8.9.0+1418+f0d66789RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-requests0:2.25.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-requests0:2.25.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-toml0:0.10.1-5.module+el8.9.0+1332+dd574197RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-urllib30:1.25.10-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-urllib30:1.25.10-5.module+el8.10.0+1545+03246da9RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-wcwidth0:0.2.5-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-wcwidth0:0.2.5-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python-wheel1:0.35.1-4.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:9python3.110:3.11.11-2.el9RLSA-2025:7109
Rocky Linux:9python3.120:3.12.9-1.el9RLSA-2025:7107
Rocky Linux:9python3.90:3.9.21-2.el9RLSA-2025:6977
Rocky Linux:8python3x-pip0:20.2.4-9.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-pip0:20.2.4-9.module+el8.10.0+1721+e52d6351RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-pyparsing0:2.4.7-5.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-pyparsing0:2.4.7-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-setuptools0:50.3.2-7.module+el8.10.0+2057+30213a2bRLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-six0:1.15.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8python3x-six0:1.15.0-3.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8scipy0:1.5.4-5.module+el8.10.0+1860+afcc1c71RLSA-2025:23530
Rocky Linux:8scipy0:1.5.4-5.module+el8.10.0+1582+bc278001RLSA-2025:23530
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSpypy3no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSpypy3no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:25.10pypy3no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:26.04:LTSpypy3no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:26.10pypy3no fix listedUBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSpython3.103.10.12-1~22.04.9UBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:22.04:LTSpython3.103.10.12-1~22.04.9USN-7280-1
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSpython3.123.12.3-1ubuntu0.5UBUNTU-CVE-2025-0938
Ubuntu:24.04:LTSpython3.123.12.3-1ubuntu0.5USN-7280-1

Affected products (as reported)

VendorProductVersions
Python Software Foundation CPython 0 – before 3.9.223.10.0 – before 3.10.173.11.0 – before 3.11.123.12.0 – before 3.12.93.13.0 – before 3.13.23.14.0a1 – before 3.14.0a5

Weakness: CWE-20 · Vector: CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:L/SA:N

References